Tinjauan Sosio-historis Dinamika Politik dan Agama di Yudea pada Abad Pertama
Abstract
This research aims to analyze the interaction and relationship between political power and religious authority in the province of Judea during the first century AD. Through a socio-historical approach, this study demonstrates that the political and religious life in Judea after Jesus was characterized by overlapping authorities, which created uncertainty and instability. In the first century, the power structure revealed a complex relationship between religious and political authorities. The rise of Roman power led to fragmented political authority, where client kings from the Herodian dynasty, who were highly loyal to Rome, faced consistent demands to ensure the welfare of the Jewish people traditionally led by religious elites. Widespread dissatisfaction due to anti-people economic and political policies, along with insensitivity to religious values, sparked social conflicts accompanied by violence. Rivalries among holders of political and religious authority resulted in social upheaval marked by violence erupting in various places, worsening over time. This culminated in the Jewish revolt of 66-70 AD, which forever changed the history of the Temple.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bermaksud menganalisis interaksi dan hubungan antara kekuasaan politik dan kekuasaan agama di provinsi Yudea pada abad pertama Masehi. Melalui pendekatan sosio-historis, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kehidupan politik dan agama di Yudea pasca Yesus ditandai oleh tumpang tindih otoritas yang menciptakan ketidakpastian dan instabilitas. Pada abad pertama, struktur kekuasaan menunjukkan kompleksitas hubungan antara otoritas keagamaan dan politik. Masuknya kekuasaan Roma menjadikan otoritas politik terfragmentasi, dimana raja bawahan (client king) dari dinasti Herodian yang sangat loyal kepada Roma menghadapi tuntutan yang konsisten untuk memenuhi kesejahteraan orang Yahudi yang secara tradisional dipimpin elit keagamaan. Ketidakpuasan yang meluas akibat kebijakan ekonomi dan politik yang tidak pro-rakyat serta ketidakpekaan terhadap nilai-nilai keagamaan memicu konflik sosial yang disertai kekerasan. Rivalitas di antara pemegang otoritas politik dan agama membuat gejolak sosial yang disertai kekerasan meletus di berbagai tempat dan membuat keadaan memburuk seiring dengan waktu. Puncaknya adalah pemberontakan Yahudi 66-70 M yang mengubah sejarah Bait Suci untuk selama-lamanya.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.52104/harvester.v9i2.245
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