Verifikasi Keakuratan Penyalinan Teks Alkitab Berdasarkan Gulungan Laut Mati: Analisis Filologis Yesaya 53:11 dan Implikasi Teologisnya
Abstract
In the field of biblical text studies, the discovery of the Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) in Qumran in 1947 stands as one of the greatest archaeological findings, significantly contributing to textual criticism of the Old Testament. These ancient manuscripts, estimated to date from 250 BCE to 100 CE, serve as crucial evidence in verifying the accuracy of Old Testament textual transmission, particularly when compared with the Masoretic Text (MT) as the basic for the Old Testament. Previous studies have primarily focused on the historical and archaeological aspects of the DSS, whereas this research fills the existing gap by emphasizing a philological verification of the textual variant in Isaiah 53:11 and its implications for Christian theology. This study aims to assess how far the DSS support textual accuracy verification and to examine their theological implications, especially in Isaiah 53:11. Using a textual-critical and philological approach to analyze variants between DSS, MT, and LXX, the study finds only minor differences that do not alter theological meaning. The presence of the word ’ôr (“light”) in DSS and LXX enriches the theological interpretation, affirming the Servant’s resurrection and glorification after suffering. These findings verify the remarkable precision of biblical text transmission and reaffirm the reliability and theological authority of Scripture.
Abstrak
Dalam ranah studi teks Alkitab, penemuan Gulungan Laut Mati (DSS) di Qumran pada tahun 1947 merupakan penemuan bukti arkeologis yang sangat penting dan berkontribusi signifikan dalam kritik teks Alkitab Perjanjian Lama. DSS tersebut merupakan manuskrip kuno yang diperkirakan berasal dari tahun 250 SM hingga 100 M, menjadi sumber penting dalam memverifikasi keakuratan penyalinan teks Alkitab Perjanjian Lama, khususnya terhadap Teks Masoret (MT) yang selama ini menjadi standar Alkitab Perjanjian Lama. Penelitian sebelumnya lebih fokus pada aspek historis dan arkeologis DSS, sedangkan penelitian ini berfokus pada verifikasi filologis terhadap varian teks Yesaya 53:11 serta implikasi teologisnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah meninjau sejauh mana DSS mendukung verifikasi keakuratan teks Alkitab dan menguji implikasi teologisnya, terutama pada Yesaya 53:11. Dengan pendekatan kritik teks dan analisis filologis terhadap varian antara DSS, MT, dan LXX, ditemukan bahwa perbedaan teks bersifat minor dan tidak mengubah substansi teologis. Keberadaan kata “terang” (’ôr, אור) dalam Yesaya 53:11 pada DSS dan LXX justru memperkaya makna teologis, yakni menegaskan kebangkitan dan kemuliaan Hamba Tuhan setelah penderitaan. Temuan ini memverifikasi bahwa proses penyalinan teks Alkitab dilakukan secara akurat dan konsisten, serta secara teologis meneguhkan otoritas Alkitab.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.52104/harvester.v10i2.301
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